How to score the gfta 3

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like To obtain valid scores, you must, SS assessment include what?, what does the GFTA 3 process begin with? and more. Fresh features from the #1 AI-enhanced learning platform.

How to score the gfta 3. Generally, the Sounds-in-Words standard score is sufficient for eligibility and diagnosis, though best practice would be to administer Sounds-in-Sentences too. (That lets you rate overall intelligibility, and provides insight into errors that might not be observable at word level. ... either. If you supplement the GFTA-3 with the KLPA-3, then ...

Order an Goldman-Fristoe Getting of Articulation 3 (GFTA-3), a systematic measure of articulation of consonant sounds for children press young adults.

1-3 years of college or technical school Midwest 23.6% Northeast 13.1% West 22.9% South 40.5% 39 Region of 50 states Race/ Ethnicity Demographic Information 1,500 examinees ages 2-21 in the normative sample Sensitivity & Specificity Deviation -1 SD-1.5 SD-2 SD Standard Score Cut 77 70 Sensitivity.93.83.67 Specificity.83.91.98 Clinical StudyThe GFTA-3 measures articulation of consonant sounds. It is brief to administer and easy to score, while providing you with accurate scores you can count on for making diagnostic and placement decisions. ... for every assessment and refer to the GFTA-3 Administration and Scoring Manual. • Pearson Clinical Assessment adheres to strict ethical ...GFTA-3 PDF Scoring Manual Contents. The pdf is a thorough manual that explains in great depth how to give and score the GFTA-3. The guidebook is broken down into different chapters that each cover a specific facet of the evaluation procedure. The first part of the GFTA-3 manual details the test's background, administration, and grading.Order the Goldman-Fristoe Test regarding Articulation 3 (GFTA-3), a systematic measure of articulation of consonant sounds for children and young growing. Assessments | US Speed yourgoldman fristoe test of articulation third edition gfta 3 is used to measure articulation of consonant sounds determine types of ... provides information about an individual s speech sound ability by sampling both spontaneous and imitative sound goldman fristoe test of articulation scoring manual nancy acra creaghead parley w newman wayne ...an inventory of sounds used by an individual. KLPA-3 can be used to determine a treatment plan based on. the profile of phonological process usage. GFTA-3 selection of targets. 1. Begin by administering the target words on the GFTA. 2. Administer the GTFA with phonetic transcription on errors.

GFTA-3 Complete Kit (Print) 0158012801 Qualification Level B. Includes GFTA-3 Manual (Print), Stimulus Book (Print), 25 Record Forms (Print), softcase. Qty. $395.75. Add to cart. Please note that the item can still be purchased. We will update you as soon as the item is back in our stock. GFTA-3 Q-global Kit (Digital) with Record Forms Qty 25 ...Sep 13, 2019 · This course provides a review of GFTA-3 administration, scoring, and interpretation. The discussion addresses typical productions for each age, and developme... Without a response you don't know if the child can produce the sound correctly or not. A score is meant to be an apples to apples comparison to same aged peers and this would not be a good comparison bc they couldn't complete the test. I would skip scoring and provide descriptive info on what sorts of errors they have and a consonant inventory.Exit your vehicle at the 1st dam roadblock and shoot both guards and take their AK47’s. Take a cruiser if you don’t have the bulletproof patriot; Collect the Sniper Rifle near the mountain ...The GFTA-3 is an individually administered standardized assessment used to measure speech sound abilities in the area of articulation in children, adolescents, and young adults ages 2 years 0 months through 21 years 11 months. What is the standard deviation for the GFTA-3? The GFTA-3 provides standardized scores with a mean score of 100, and a ...Standard Scores Confidence Intervals Percentile Ranks Age Equivalents Digital Scoring ASSIST™ software NEW! Digital Options ™ Q-global ® Enter GFTA™-3 item Purchase KLPA-3 score level scores and select report after GFTA-3 test GFTA-3/KLPA-3 score report ® Q-interactive ® administration; phonological analysis of GFTA-3 responses with ...

GFTA scoring . Hi! Can anyone send me a picture of the GFTA scoring charts? I need to do a raw score conversion for standard score and percentile for a 16 year old. Sounds-in-words raw score was 45. Thanks!! Share Add a Comment. Be the first to commentGfta 2 Scoring Manual - legacy.ldi.upenn.edu Webwith life. The Gfta 2 Scoring Manual of content is evident, offering a dynamic range of PDF eBooks that oscillate between profound narratives and quick literary escapes. One of the defining features of Gfta 2 Scoring Manual is the orchestration of genres, creating a symphony of reading choices.Two assessments used cutoffs of IQ ≥ reading or writing ability by 1 SD or for there to be a discrepancy between reading or writing ability (< 85) and scores in some other area (> 90). Hearing Impairment. The four assessments with a hearing impairment validity study included information on sample size (range: 23–70).Administration: Individual; Q-interactive® administration and scoring, Q-global® scoring and reporting, or manual scoring. Age range: 2 years to 21 years 11 months. Qualification level: B. Additional information. Purchase the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 3; online here at Pearson Clinical.Feb 15, 2019 ... Comments8 ; GFTA-3 Overview. Unless Therapy · 12K views ; how to deliver the GFTA-3. Isabella Barrera · 1.8K views ; OWLS-II Administration. Suzannah...GFTA-3 Digital Stimulus book via flash drive. Any other use of the GFTA-3 via telepractice requires prior permission from Pearson. This includes, but is not limited to, scanning the paper stimulus books, digitizing the paper record forms, holding the materials physically up in the camera's viewing area, or uploading a manual on to a shared ...

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Standard scores on the GFTA-3 Sounds-in-Words test may be lower than GFTA-2 scores due to a change in testing methods. The GFTA-3 is a newer version of the test and may have different administration procedures, scoring guidelines, or content compared to the previous version, GFTA-2. These changes can result in variations in scores, leading to ... The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, Third Edition (GFTA-3) is used to measure articulation of consonant sounds, determine types of misarticulation, and compare individual performance to national, gender-differentiated norms in examinees ages 2-21. The GFTA-3 on Q-global is manual entry only and has two tabs: Demographics and Scores. It provides information about an individual's speech sound ability by sampling both spontaneous and imitative sound production in single words and connected speech. GFTA-3 provides age-based normative scores separately for females and males for the Sounds-in-Words and Sounds-in-Sentences tests. Intelligibility is reported as a percentage ...GFTA-3 Scoring . Hi! I am in a bit of a jam and need to score GFTA-3 for sounds in words. Does anyone have their manual handy and can look up for female 4;7 with a score of 3? Thanks in advance! Share Add a Comment. Be the first to comment Nobody's responded to this post yet. Add your thoughts and get the conversation going. ...Gfta 2 Scoring Manual. Gfta 2 Scoring Manual. Tests in Print 6 Linda L. Murphy 2002 Customers who place a standing order for the Tests in Print series or the Mental Measurements Yearbook series will receive a 10% discount on every volume. To place your standing order, please call 1-800-848-6224 (in the U.S.) or 919-966-7449 (outside the U.S.).

Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA-3) The GFTA is a test that looks at articulation skills or, in other words, how your child produces sounds, syllables, words, sentences and conversations.It can be used on a child as young as 2 and up until age 21. The great thing about the GFTA is that it only takes between 15-20 minutes to complete so it's perfect for young kids who may not have ...It was reported by the majority of respondents that the GFTA is “always” used as part of their phonological assessment (p. 249). In ... Including children with disorders in a normative sample shifts mean scores lower, causing underidentification of children with disorders. On the other hand, if you want to judge the severity of a …GFTA™-3 and KLPA™-3 Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3 & Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis-3 GFTA-3/KLPA-3 Score Report Ronald Goldman, & Macalyne Fristoe Linda M.L. Khan, & Nancy P. Lewis Pearson, the PSI logo, PsychCorp, GFTA and KLPA are trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries of Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliate(s).A Comparison of Articulatory Assessment: the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-2 versus the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale-3 ... statistically significant differences between these two instruments on the study population with a mean Arizona-3 score 6.4 points lower than the GFTA-2. PCC also revealed disparities between the two ...May 6, 2020 ... ... score report! I can't say it enough how much ... score report! ... How to Use Q Global for Online Speech Therapy Assessments. 8.3K views · 3 years ...GFTA-3 Spanish Q-global Scoring Subscription 3 Year (Digital) QG3GFTA3SP Qualification Level B. Includes unlimited scoring per user within an account. Qty. $140.00. ... The Spanish edition of the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation offers updated norms based on Spanish-speaking individuals living in the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Benefits.The Big Score is a mission in Grand Theft Auto V. It is the sixth and final heist mission that protagonists Michael De Santa, Trevor Philips and Franklin Clinton execute. It is also the penultimate mission in the storyline. The player steals a total of $201,600,000 for the Obvious, or $201,300,000 for the Subtle. In order to perform the heist, the protagonists …Essentially, if your child’s speech is difficult to understand, especially to an unfamiliar adult, then he or she should probably be tested for an articulation disorder. Children over the age of two and under the age of 22 are eligible to take the Goldman Fristoe Articulation test. This test is only used for children who are having difficulty ...These include: CELF-5, PPVT-5, EVT-3, GFTA-3, GFTA-3 Spanish, KLPA-3, CELF Preschool-3 (when published.) The tests run on two iPads connected by Bluetooth (one iPad for the examiner; one for the examinee) ... $4.50 for single subtest tests and GFTA-3. Administration, scoring, and reporting are seamless and integrated-you can obtain test scores ...Order the Goldman-Fristoe Trial of Articulation 3 (GFTA-3), a systematic measure of enunciation of consonant sounds since your and young grownups. Assessments | COLUMBIA Quick orderAdminister Goldman-Fristoe 3 to get a detailed measure of articulation ability. There are three ways to obtain KLPA-3 scores: Administer GFTA-3 on Q-interactive (iPad), then purchase a KLPA-3 score report. The KLPA-3 scores and report can be obtained automatically as soon as the GFTA-3 administration is complete.

Order the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 3 (GFTA-3), a systematic measure of arthritis of concordant sounds fork children and youth elders.

Webor scoring options are available without web access at this time. Web-based administration and scoring Purchase • Paper or digital GFTA-3 Stimulus Book on Q-global • Paper or digital GFTA-3 Manual • Paper GFTA-3 Record Forms • GFTA-3 individual score reports or a subscription w ith unlimited scoring See PearsonClinical.ca ...Standard Scores & Severity Levels (w/Parent-Friendly Language) 115+ +1 SD Above Average (Above Educational Average) 86-114 w/in 1 SD Average (Average Educational Range) 79-85 -1 to -1.5 SD Mild Severity Level (Marginal Educational Range) 71-78 -1.5 to -2 SD Moderate Severity Level (Low Educational Range) 70 or below -2 SD Severe Severity Level (Very Low Educational Range)Why does GFTA-3 penalize preschoolers by giving them so many /s, l, r/ occurrences. This is problematic. They are not penalized as heavily for /k, g, f/ errors which we would expect in many of our preschoolers. The GFTA-3 normative scores take into account that preschoolers have not mastered later developing sounds such as /r, s, l/.Order the Goldman-Fristoe Trial of Articulation 3 (GFTA-3), a systematic measure of enunciation of consonant sounds since your and young grownups. Assessments | COLUMBIA Quick orderThe Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation™ 3 (GFTA™-3) provides accurate scores for production characteristic and placement decisions. Guidance on employing this test in your telepractice. ... Available scoring GFTA-3, do did count sound productions is were dialectal variations as errors.1-3 years of college or technical school Midwest 23.6% Northeast 13.1% West 22.9% South 40.5% 39 Region of 50 states Race/ Ethnicity Demographic Information 1,500 examinees ages 2-21 in the normative sample Sensitivity & Specificity Deviation -1 SD-1.5 SD-2 SD Standard Score Cut 77 70 Sensitivity.93.83.67 Specificity.83.91.98 Clinical StudyAug 7, 2023 ... The 'Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation - Third Edition (GFTA-3)' helps identify speech sound disorders which might affect your child's ...The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation™ 3 (GFTA™-3) provides accurate scores for making diagnostic and placement decisions. ... The GFTA-3 normative scores take into account that preschoolers have not mastered later developing sounds such as /r, s, l/. Beginning at age 2, the percentage of typically developing children who are producing ...

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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What does GFTA-3 stand for?, Who are the authors of GFTA-3? year?, Ages and more. Fresh features from the #1 AI-enhanced learning platform. ... - Raw score, SS, PR Sounds in Sentences - Raw score, SS, PR Intelligibility Rating - Overall Intelligibility Rating % About us. About ...Scoring. To diagnose infantile autism based on the DSM IV criteria, one must have features from each group, associated with a significant level of dysfunction, indicated by a score of at least "moderate" or "severe." The DSM IV criteria requires onset before 3 years of age, the associated autistic features as above and a significant impairment observed, involving one of the following:The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, 3rd Edition (GFTA-3) is the most widely used articulation assessment in the U.S. This course provided a review of n...GFTA-3 - /s, z/ distortion - lisp. to start...I HATE the GFTA-3. That being said, it is the only standardized articulation test I have available to me in my school district and I have to report standard scores out. I have 2 cases of kids with fairly mild interdental lisps and I am re-evaluating them.If she are looking for the Gfta-3 Assessment Manual PDF, you've come to the right site. Read Gfta-3 Marking Owners PDF here. 01. Edit your goldman fristoe test of articulation 3 pdf online. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. 02. Sign it in a few clicks. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. 03. GFTA™-3 Score Report 09/15/2015, Page: 2 Nancy Goldman GFTA-3 SCORE SUMMARY Sounds-in-Words Score Summary Total Raw Score 1 Standard Score 2 95% Conf. Interval Percentile Rank Age Equivalent Growth Scale Value 28 40 40-59 <0.1 3:2-3:3 545 1 Raw score equals the total number of articulation errors. 2 Normative information is based on gender. GFTA™-3 and KLPA™-3 Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3 & Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis-3 GFTA-3/KLPA-3 Score Report Ronald Goldman, & Macalyne Fristoe Linda M.L. Khan, & Nancy P. Lewis Pearson, the PSI logo, PsychCorp, GFTA and KLPA are trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries of Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliate(s). ….

GFTA-3 Spanish Manual or Record Form to determine if the individual is beginning to produce developmentally-appropriate speech sounds at either an emerging or mastery level. Explain how to use information in the GFTA-3 Spanish Manual or Record Form to identify the age at which speech sounds should be produced correctly at least 85% of the time.BASC-3 BESS: Separate Standard interpretive subscription from BASC-3. GFTA-3/KLPA-3: Provides the GFTA-3 and the KLPA-3 assessments in a single report. Vineland-3: Includes Comprehensive and Domain reports as opposed to scoring and/or interpretive reports. All Q-global subscriptions are allocated per user and cannot be shared. This course explains the differences in the GFTA-2 and GFTA-3 and why as SLPs we seem to notice a trend that children overall score lower on the newest version of this test. The presenter did a good job of explaining this and how to use the tables for emergence as well as mastery to explain a child's level of development to a parent or teacher. GFTA-3 provides age-based normative scores separately for females and males for the Sounds-in-Words and Sounds-in-Sentences tests. Intelligibility is reported as a percentage score, and Stimulability information is reported in table format. Raw score of 13 for a 9 year old boy corresponds to a standard score of 61. PM me and I can send you the screenshots from the manual if you want to see firsthand. I don’t have the GFTA-3 on me.. but I do know that for a 9:0 male a raw score of 10 in sounds-in-words is a standard score of 70. Hopefully that helps!The second edition of the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation gives you updated norms and expanded features, and it remains accurate and easy to administer. The test provides information about a child’s articulation ability by sampling both spontaneous and imitative sound production. Examinees respond to picture plates and verbal cues from the examiner with single-word answers that ...Administer Goldman-Fristoeto get a detailed measure of articulation ability. Scoring the GFTA After giving the GFTA-3, evaluators can obtain a.I need the GFTA3 standard score, confidence interval, percentile rank, test age equivalent, and growth scale value. The total raw score is 37. It is for a female who is 4:10. I do not have the manual as I am in grad school, and the clinic is closed today due to holiday. I need the scores ASAP today if possible.It provides information about an individual’s speech sound ability by sampling both spontaneous and imitative sound production in single words and connected speech. GFTA-3 provides age-based normative scores separately for females and males for the Sounds-in-Words and Sounds-in-Sentences tests. Intelligibility is reported as a percentage ... How to score the gfta 3, The KLPA-3 is a norm-referenced, in-depth analysis of phonological process usage for children, adolescents, and young adults ages 2:0-21-11. Designed as a companion tool to the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation (3rd ed.; GFTA-3; 2015), the KLPA-3 makes use of the target words elicited by the GFTA-3 Sounds-in-Words test to provide further ..., Score Automated scoring on-the-fly No digital test administration or scoring options are available without web access at this time. Web-based administration and scoring Purchase • Paper or digital GFTA™-3 Stimulus Book on Q-global • Paper or digital GFTA-3 Manual • Paper GFTA-3 Record Forms • GFTA-3 individual score reports or a ..., Detailed description and testing of the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, It provides information about an individual’s speech sound ability by sampling both spontaneous and imitative sound production in single words and connected speech. GFTA-3 provides age-based normative scores separately for females and males for the Sounds-in-Words and Sounds-in-Sentences tests. Intelligibility is reported as a percentage ... , American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2200 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850 Members: 800-498-2071 Non-Member: 800-638-8255. MORE WAYS TO CONNECT. E-mail the Action Center, gfta 3 severity levels | gfta 3 severity levels | gfta-3 severity rating scale | gfta severity rating scale | gfta 3 score report | gfta 3 score interpretation, Restandardized norms are based on a national sample of 2,350 examinees, expanded to include ages 2-21 with separate normative tables for males and females. Order Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 2 (GFTA-2), to measure articulation of consonant sounds, determine types of misarticulation, and compare individual performance to national, gender ..., Online Scoring and Reporting. 0150015712 KLPA–3 Q-global Score Report (per report) 0150015240 KLPA–3 Manual on Q-global *Q interactive requires an annual license fee. …, The following instructions are provided for how to mark responses and calculate scores. NOTE. If you ordered GFTA---3 before July 18, 2016, your Manual presents instructions for completing the original Record Form. Use the following instructions to complete the updated GFTA-- -3 Record Form., The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, Third Edition (GFTA-3) is used to measure articulation of consonant sounds, determine types of misarticulation, and compare individual performance to national, gender-differentiated norms in examinees ages 2-21. The GFTA-3 on Q-global is manual entry only and has two tabs: Demographics and Scores., Looking for a new TV? Best Buy is renowned for its wide selection of top-quality televisions, and their sales events offer fantastic opportunities to score amazing deals. If you’re..., It provides information about an individual’s speech sound ability by sampling both spontaneous and imitative sound production in single words and connected speech. GFTA-3 provides age-based normative scores separately for females and males for the Sounds-in-Words and Sounds-in-Sentences tests. Intelligibility is reported as a percentage ..., About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ..., The GFTA-3 test features include: Two new art sets: one appropriate for very young children and one for older students with articulation and intelligibility concerns. Dialect-sensitive scoring for a wide range of American English dialects, as well as English influenced by other languages. New criterion-referenced assessment of vowels., About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ..., 01. Edit your goldman fristoe test of articulation 3 pdf online. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. 02. Sign it in a few clicks. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. 03., Survey results indicated that the most widely used standardized test by SLPs was the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA, multiple editions; Goldman & Fristoe, 2000). It was reported by the majority of respondents that the GFTA is “always” used as part of their phonological assessment (p. 249)., GFTA-3 provides standardized scores with a mean score of 100, and a standard deviation of 15. Standard scores between 85 and 115 are considered to be within the typical range. A standard score of 100 was obtained for D, which falls within normal limits., It contains 10 full-colour cards, photocopiable scoring form, and manual. Audiology Review Jeremy J. Donai 2023-12-14 Audiology Review: Preparing for the Praxis and Comprehensive Examinations is intended to serve as a review guide for audiology students and audiologists preparing for ... Fristoe Test Of Articulation 3 Sample Report., American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2200 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850 Members: 800-498-2071 Non-Member: 800-638-8255. MORE WAYS TO CONNECT. E-mail the Action Center. Contact the Board of Directors, the age at which 50%, 75%, and 90% of children in the GFTA---3 normative sample produced phonemes correctly one or more times during test administration. Table D.2 indicates the ages at which 90% of the children in the GFTA---3 normative sample articulated the phonemes in initial, medial, and final word positions with at least 85% accuracy., It provides information about an individual’s speech sound ability by sampling both spontaneous and imitative sound production in single words and connected speech. GFTA-3 provides age-based normative scores separately for females and males for the Sounds-in-Words and Sounds-in-Sentences tests. Intelligibility is reported as a percentage ..., 1-3 years of college or technical school Midwest 23.6% Northeast 13.1% West 22.9% South 40.5% 39 Region of 50 states Race/ Ethnicity Demographic Information 1,500 examinees ages 2-21 in the normative sample Sensitivity & Specificity Deviation -1 SD-1.5 SD-2 SD Standard Score Cut 77 70 Sensitivity.93.83.67 Specificity.83.91.98 Clinical Study, Report the scores but make sure to note the lack of response and that due to this may not be a valid, accurate measure of her true skills. If any, report on any speech sample that contained the particular target sound to show accurate/inaccurate production. I’m just a little confused about how to score it though., Purchase this Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 3 (GFTA-3), one systematic measure of articulation of consonant sounds on children and young adults., Administer Goldman-Fristoe 3 to get a detailed measure of articulation ability. There are three ways to obtain KLPA-3 scores: Administer GFTA-3 on Q-interactive (iPad), then purchase a KLPA-3 score report. The KLPA-3 scores and report can be obtained automatically as soon as the GFTA-3 administration is complete. , Create a custom battery by combining CELF-5 subtests with other tests such as the GFTA-3 and PPVT-4. Obtain scaled scores immediately after finishing a subtest, to increase scoring speed and accuracy. Improve accuracy thanks to automated scoring and automated start points and discontinue rules. Engage children by displaying stimuli on the iPad., About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ..., Q-global is a web-based application for test administration, scoring and reporting. It houses the industry's gold standard in assessment tools and is accessible from any computer connected to the internet. Secure and affordable, Q-global helps you quickly and efficiently organize examinee information , generate scores, and produce accurate ..., I feel like the GFTA-3 gives too much weight to some sounds, particularly the /s, z/. I have kids who are crazy hard to understand scoring the same or better than kids with minimal distortions. ... In my district, we don't even bother with standard scores from the GFTA. We report overall intelligibility, impact in the classroom, and compare the ..., Ertmer (in press) administered the popular "Sounds in Words" subtest of the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation- 2 (GFTA-2; Goldman & Fristoe, 2000) to 44 children with hearing losses. Percent-correct scores were calculated for seven word-based variables (i.e., initial, medial, and final consonants, consonant clusters, initial consonants ..., Hi all! I have a report due tomorrow and completely forgot to look up a score in the manual. If anyone has one on them, could you please tell me the…, They probably think he has normal 3-year old articulation problems. Most 3-year olds are still learning to articulate, and the distribution is very uneven so 21% doesn't mean the same thing as it would on an IQ test. Here's the key graph from Peanut's link: The standard deviation of standard scores in GFTA-2 is 15, as it is with other measures.